Sorting is the process by which the elements of a group (ex. Arrays) are arranged
in a specific order (ascending or descending).
The process of sorting is very important, since it is needed in many types
of programs. Ex. If you need to arrange the heights of various students in a
class, you need to sort their heights.
While there are quite a few methods employed for sorting, we will be discussing
about Selection Sort method in this article.
In selection sort, all the elements of an array are compared with the other
elements following it and interchanged so that smaller elements come at the
top.
So, what that means is that the first element is compared with the second,
third … elements then the next is selected (second element of the array)
and it is compared with the third, fourth … elements and in this way different
elements are selected serially and compared with elements following it.
Interchange is done so that smaller elements come high up in the array. (for
ascending order)
To make this process clear, let us consider this array:
a rr[4]={4,5,3,2}
Steps for sorting this array are outlined below:
- The first element of the array is selected and compared with the other elements
following it and interchanged if required so that the smallest elements comes
at the top.
Now,
arr[4]={2,5,4,3} - Again the same process is repeated taking the next element (second element
of the array) as the selected element and comparing it with the elements following
it (i.e. 4,3).
Now,
arr[4]={2,3,5,4} - Same process is repeated again.
Now,
arr[4]={2,3,4,5}
The array has been sorted.
In the program below, I have programmed the sorting process as a separate function
so that it would be easy for you to incorporate sorting function in your programs.
//selection sort program in C++
#include<iostream.h>
void sel_sort (int *array,int n);
void main(void)
{
int arr[10],i;
cout<<"Input 10 Numbers: ";
for (i=0;i<10;i++)
cin>>arr[i];
sel_sort(arr,10);
for (i=0;i<10;i++)
cout<<arr[i]<<" ";
}
//FUNCTION IS DEFINED HERE
//this function takes two arguments
//first argument is the pointer to
//the array that has to be sorted
//and the second is the number of
//elements the array has.
void sel_sort(int *array, int n)
{
int temp,i,j;
for(i=0;i<(n-1);i++)
for(j=i+1;j<(n);j++)
{
if(*(array+i)>*(array+j))
{
temp=*(array+i);
*(array+i)=*(array+j);
*(array+j)=temp;
}
}
}
Here a pointer is used in the parameter of the function. This is because we
cannot return an array from a function therefore we need to the modify (sort,
in this case) the array that is being passed to the function.
That means, we are not modifying any variables, we are just modifying the contents
of the memory address that is being passed as a pointer.
Hope this helps!
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