Features of C++, we haven't discussed...

In this article, we will discuss about certain features of C++ Programming
Language, which we haven’t discussed so far. All the features are discussed
with the help of example programs so that you could straightaway learn to use
them.

Let us have a look at them one-by-one:

(Things are discussed in the comments wherever necessary)

EXAMPLE 1: Variation of for-loop

  // Example Program in C++
  #include<stdio.h>
  #include<conio.h>

  void main(void)
  {
   char ch;

   for(;;)
     {
      // this loop will run
      // infinitely till
      // 'q' is pressed
      ch=getch();
      if (ch=='q'  ch=='Q') break;
     }

   printf("out of loop\n");
  }

EXAMPLE 2: Variation of for-loop

  // Example Program in C++
  #include<iostream.h>

  void main(void)
  {
   char str[20]="learn C++";

   for(int i=0;str[i];i++)
     ;// notice that there
      // is nothing in the
      // body of the loop

   cout<<"length of str :"<<i;

   cout<<endl;
  }

OUTPUT:

   length of str :9
   Press any key to continue

EXAMPLE 3: Variation of for-loop

  // Example Program in C++
  #include<iostream.h>

  void main(void)
  {
   for(int a=0,b=0; a+b<10; a++)
     {
      // here the number of iteration
      // also depends on the value of
      // 'b' which is entered by the
      // user
      cout<<"enter value for b: ";
      cin>>b;

      cout<<a<<endl;
     }
  }

EXAMPLE 4: Function having default arguments

  // Example Program in C++
  #include<iostream.h>

  // function prototype
  // it is necessary to define the
  // parameter list when default
  // argument is used
  float power(float num, int pow=2);

  void main(void)
  {
   float number=10;

   // here power is called with
   // the second argument having
   // the default value 2
   cout<<power(number);

   cout<<endl;

   // here the function is called
   // as usual with two arguments
   cout<<power(number, 4);

   cout<<endl;
  }

  // function definition
  // DO NOT write 'int pow=2' here
  float power(float num, int pow)
  {
   float num2=num;

   for(int i=1; i<pow; i++)
   num=num*num2;

   return num;
  }

OUTPUT:

   100
   10000
   Press any key to continue

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